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Some Thoughts on Improving the Utilization Ratio of New Energy Storage Facilities

Due to its rich functions and extensive application scenarios, the new energy storage mainly based on electrochemical energy storage is one of the hottest racetracks at present. New players are coming to the racetrack in droves. Behind the prosperity, we need to be calm to see that the overall development time of the new energy storage is still relatively short, and the industry also has many problems in terms of technology and business models. For example, the overall utilization rate of the energy storage power station is not high, which is gradually emerging.

According to the recent statistical report of China Electricity Council, the average equivalent utilization coefficient of electrochemical energy storage project is 12.2% through investigation, of which the new energy distribution and storage coefficient is only 6.1%, the thermal power plant distribution and storage coefficient is 15.3%, the grid energy storage rate is 14.8%, and the user energy storage rate is 28.3%. Although energy storage is difficult to achieve full power charging and discharging for a long time and frequently due to the limitation of operation mode and charging and discharging time, it is an indisputable fact that the comprehensive utilization rate is too low, especially the new energy side and grid side energy storage power stations.

The utilization rate of energy storage system mainly includes the impact of planned outage and unplanned outage.

Planned outage refers to the state of planned outage of the energy storage power station due to inspection, test, maintenance and other purposes. For example, after the "4.16" energy storage fire accident in Beijing last year, several energy storage power stations in many provinces temporarily stopped operation. At the same time, major energy storage safety screening and safety transformation were carried out. Due to extensive construction, the failure of safety, technology and construction process to meet relevant standards and regulations is one of the reasons for the low utilization rate of the energy storage power station.

The profit level is limited, and one of the main reasons for the planned outage is that the storage power station does not actively participate in the power market transaction. For example, in the spot market transaction of some shared energy storage power stations in Shandong this year, due to the low price difference in the spot market in some summer months, the operating unit has no profit space after considering such factors as charging and discharging loss and battery attenuation of the energy storage power station, and the operating unit actively stops energy storage from participating in the spot market service.

Unplanned outage refers to the unplanned outage, including the outage caused by power system and energy storage system failures, among which the outage caused by the failure of energy storage system equipment is the main factor of low energy storage utilization rate.

Taking lithium iron phosphate energy storage unit as an example, the centralized energy storage unit is composed of thousands of single batteries in series and in parallel, with a huge amount of information data. Taking the actual alarm and fault information of a 100 MW energy storage power station as an example, the faults of the energy storage battery and BMS account for more than 90% of the fault signals of the energy storage power station, mainly the battery overvoltage, undervoltage and temperature alarm signals. The alarm information can reach tens of thousands of times per month. Although most alarm signals do not need to be shut down for processing, some serious signals need to be shut down by the energy storage unit, However, the current mainstream centralized energy storage system is often unable to achieve cluster management, which affects the overall utilization of energy storage plants.

Improving the utilization rate of energy storage power plants is a key factor to promote the healthy and long-term development of the energy storage industry, mainly through the following considerations:

First of all, rely on the improvement of the price mechanism of the power market, improve the price mechanism of new energy storage to participate in the spot market, auxiliary service market and other markets, scientifically arrange the construction scale according to the demand of the power system, ensure the profitability and utilization rate of the invested energy storage, and at the same time, topology service types, and the multiple functions of energy storage, such as exploring energy storage power plants focusing on peak shaving, and participating in frequency modulation, standby and other services.

Secondly, pay attention to the research on the technical level of the energy storage system to improve the reliability of the equipment. For example, research on the key technologies of the main alarm or fault category switch, and research on the topology, BMS control and equalization technologies for the outage of the entire energy storage unit caused by a single battery fault, so as to reduce the scope of fault impact, achieve clustering and even module launch and operation, and improve the utilization rate.

Thirdly, to avoid the safety risk of the energy storage system, the safety problem is the number one key and difficult problem in the industry, and also the main factor affecting the utilization rate of the energy storage power station. How to improve the safety of the energy storage plant is very important, which needs to be considered from many aspects, such as system integration, fire media selection, detection sensor configuration, linkage control logic, etc.

Finally, improve the operation and maintenance management level. The development time of the energy storage power station is relatively short, and the operation and maintenance methods are quite different from the traditional power facilities. The industry also lacks professional operation and maintenance management personnel. The operation and maintenance management level of the project can be improved by formulating operation and maintenance management procedures and specifications, cooperating with intelligent digital auxiliary operation and maintenance tools, and whether the fault outage can be handled quickly and correctly, so as to reduce the outage time of the energy storage power station caused by the fault.

Through analysis, it is proposed to improve the utilization rate of energy storage facilities from the four dimensions of power market construction, technical level research, security risk elimination, and operation and maintenance management level improvement, so as to realize the multiple value of energy storage and efficient support for the power system and obtain reasonable benefits.