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From light to electricity, what exactly happened?

Solar cell is a semiconductor element that generates electromotive force under the illumination of light. It is made of N type silicon plate and P type silicon plate.

This is the structure of silicon plate

To move electrons in a directional direction

We need to "add some material" to the silicon plate

As shown in the figure below

The positive charge represents the silicon atom, and the negative charge represents the four electrons of silicon

When phosphorus is doped into silicon crystal

Yellow represents phosphorus atom

Because the phosphorus atom has five electrons

Red represents extra electrons

The extra electrons will become very active

N-type silicon plate is formed

When boron is doped into silicon crystal

Yellow indicates boron atom

Because boron has only three electrons

So there are blue holes

This hole will easily absorb electrons

Form P-type silicon plate

Clap the N-type plate and the P-type plate together

Because of the concentration difference between electrons and holes

Diffusion movement will occur on the interface of two semiconductors

Diffusion of electrons from N region to P region

The holes in the P region also diffuse to the N region

The N area has lost electrons and is positively charged

The P region gets electrons, which are negatively charged

With positive and negative, an electric field is formed in the middle

This electric field is called PN junction

PN junction is equivalent to a junction

The battery is stable in this state when it is not working

How to generate electricity?

When the sun shines on the silicon plate

Stable electrons begin to move

Positively charged hole moves to P area

The negatively charged electrons move to the N region

The electrons move in a certain direction

When the wires are connected, they are energized~

After the solar cells are connected in series, they can be packaged and protected to form a large area of solar cell modules, which together with power controller and other components form a photovoltaic power generation device.

Common distributed photovoltaic equipment includes photovoltaic cell modules, photovoltaic array supports, DC combiner boxes, DC distribution cabinets, grid connected inverters, AC distribution cabinets and other equipment, as well as power supply system monitoring devices and environmental monitoring devices.

Under the condition of solar radiation, its operation mode is to transfer the electric energy converted from solar energy to the DC distribution cabinet through the DC combiner box, and the grid connected inverter will invert the current to supply the building's own load. Excess or insufficient power will be regulated through the grid connection.

We can't live without electricity

PV power generation has low cost, cleanliness

Security, maintenance free and other characteristics

It can also generate electricity to earn income

And solar energy is inexhaustible

So photovoltaic is widely used

It mainly includes:

Large scale ground independent photovoltaic power stations are generally built on wasteland and barren slopes, and photovoltaic systems are directly sold to power companies after power generation;

Industrial plants, commercial buildings, solar power plants on the roof of the family, for self use and surplus electricity on the Internet;

Solar daily electronic products, such as various solar chargers, solar street lamps and solar lawn lamps;

It provides mobile power supply and standby power supply for transportation, communication and marine fields.