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| Rising with absolute economic advantages, three business models of independent e |
| Release time:2023-02-08 09:06:50| Viewed： |
Rising with absolute economic advantages, three business models of independent energy storage have basically taken shape!
In 2022, independent energy storage power stations will rise with absolute advantages in China's energy storage market.
According to statistics, there were 38 independent energy storage power stations connected to the grid and put into operation throughout the year, and as many as 109 started construction and EPC/equipment bidding, with a total scale of 16.5GW/35GWh. Another 142 independent energy storage power stations have been publicly announced, waiting to enter the bidding process and construction, with a total scale of 28.3GW/67.6GWh, and will become the main force for the growth of independent energy storage in 2023.
Unlike the energy storage projects that rely on the supporting construction of new energy power generation projects, independent energy storage power stations can directly sign the grid-connected dispatching agreement with the power dispatching authority as an independent subject, and are not limited by the access location, and are included in the power grid-connected operation and auxiliary service management.
In December 2021, the National Energy Administration issued a new version of the Administrative Measures for Electric Power Auxiliary Services, which clearly states that it is necessary to accelerate the participation of independent energy storage in the electricity market in coordination with the peak shaving of the power grid, and accelerate the participation of independent energy storage in the medium and long-term market and the spot market. In addition, if the independent energy storage station delivers power to the grid, its corresponding charging power will not bear the transmission and distribution price, government funds and surcharges. This regulation has reduced the cost of kilowatt-hour of energy storage power stations by 0.1-0.2 yuan/kWh, and further improved the economy.
At present, the income model of independent energy storage can be roughly divided into the following four types:
1. Capacity lease (shared lease)
Capacity energy storage refers to a large independent energy storage power station invested and constructed by a third party. All or part of its capacity is leased to new energy power stations to obtain rental income, adhering to the principle of "who benefits, who pays". In this mode, the owners of new energy power stations do not need to build energy storage power stations independently, and the original capital investment is greatly reduced. For investors, capacity lease fees are also the most stable source of income.
At present, the capacity lease price of independent energy storage power stations in China is generally 300-350 yuan/kW · year. The guiding and recommended prices issued by the governments of Henan and Guangxi are 200 yuan/kWh per year and 160 yuan - 230 yuan/kWh per year.
2. Spot arbitrage
Independent energy storage facilities can achieve profit from peak-valley price difference by participating in the spot market transaction of electricity and through the "buy low and sell high" mode, that is, buying electricity at the low period of electricity price and selling electricity at the peak period of electricity price. The participation of independent energy storage facilities in spot trading can also reduce the pressure of peak load regulation of the grid caused by the rapid growth of new energy installation, and improve the power consumption capacity of the grid.
3. Auxiliary services
At present, the common auxiliary service forms of new energy storage mainly include peak shaving and frequency modulation (including primary frequency modulation and secondary frequency modulation), and the specific amount of revenue varies from province to province. However, peak shaving is mostly compensated by charging according to peak shaving electricity, and the price varies from 0.15 yuan/kWh to 0.8 yuan/kWh. The frequency modulation is mostly based on compensation according to the frequency modulation mileage. According to how much the unit (PCS) responds to the AGC frequency modulation command, the frequency modulation compensation of 0.1-15 yuan/MW is compensated.
4. Capacity tariff
The role of energy storage and standby thermal power in the system is similar. There is great uncertainty in the utilization hours. It is difficult to maintain the economy only by electricity price. Therefore, the capacity price is needed as a "bottom guarantee" means. At present, the spot market of Shandong electric power is based on the thermal power standard and gives the electricity price of electrochemical energy storage capacity.
On the basis of these four revenue models, after the exploration in 2021 and the practice of the peak shaving demonstration project in 2022, many provinces have made many beneficial explorations on the business model of independent energy storage, and three major business models have been basically formed at present:
Capacity lease+spot market+capacity compensation
Representative province: Shandong
Shandong is the first country to pilot independent energy storage into the spot electricity market. Independent energy storage power stations can independently choose to participate in the frequency modulation market or electric energy market. In the electric energy market, the energy storage power stations "do not quote for the quantity", and give priority to clearing under the conditions of meeting the safe and stable operation of the power grid and the consumption of new energy. In the frequency modulation market, the energy storage power station must compete with the generator unit. The larger the peak-valley price difference in the spot electricity market, the greater the profit space of independent energy storage power stations.
It is understood that by the end of January 2023, Shandong's independent energy storage facilities have participated in the spot market trading of more than 200 million kWh.
It is estimated that under the business model of "capacity lease+spot market+capacity compensation" in Shandong, the 100MW/200MWh independent energy storage power station is expected to obtain spot arbitrage income of about 20 million yuan, shared lease income of about 30 million yuan, and capacity electricity price income of about 6 million yuan per year. Based on the total investment of about 450 million yuan and the financing cost of 4.65%, the project is expected to achieve a return on capital of more than 8%. This model has become a profit model for independent energy storage power stations in China at present.
Capacity lease+spot market+primary frequency modulation
In addition to the spot market, Shanxi Province took the lead in targeting the auxiliary service market for independent energy storage.
Shanxi is the pilot province with the longest operation time of the domestic electricity spot trading market. The spot trading market has gradually matured, and the rules for independent energy storage to participate in spot trading have also been made.
According to the analysis of power grid experts, the independent energy storage power stations in Shanxi Province will participate in the day-ahead market in the form of "volume quotation": the electricity discharge will be settled according to the time-sharing node price of the day-ahead market; The charging amount shall be settled according to the electricity price at the unified settlement point of the day-ahead market. Ideally, it is expected that the price difference will be about 0.5 yuan/kWh.
At the same time, Shanxi took the lead in starting primary frequency modulation auxiliary services for independent energy storage power stations in the country. After the independent energy storage power station is put into operation, it will mainly participate in the auxiliary service market and provide primary frequency modulation and peak shaving auxiliary services, which will greatly improve the profitability of the independent energy storage power station.
Capacity lease+peak shaving auxiliary service
At the end of 2022, the National Development and Reform Commission of Ningxia Autonomous Region made it clear that photovoltaic energy storage facilities need to be built or leased, which once again provided a "powerful medicine" for the development of independent energy storage projects in Ningxia.
In addition, Ningxia's compensation for independent energy storage also ranks the top in the country: peak shaving compensation of 0.8 yuan/kWh, no less than 300 times a year.
According to statistics, among the 16.5GW/35GWh independent energy storage projects that will enter the implementation stage in 2022, Ningxia's projects will exceed 2GW/4GWh, accounting for the highest proportion. Ningxia has undoubtedly become the largest independent energy storage market in China.
summary
The more perfect and rich the income mechanism is, the more ideal and stable the income rate of independent energy storage projects will be.
Up to now, nearly 30 provinces across the country have issued the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" for new energy storage or new energy distribution and storage documents, and most of the energy storage demonstration projects are developed and constructed in the form of independent energy storage power stations. Nine provinces/autonomous regions, including Shandong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan and Chengdu, have released a total of 10 batches of 204 energy storage demonstration projects with a total scale of 19.1GW/48.4GWh. The completion and operation of a large number of demonstration projects will provide a richer reference for provinces to explore the business model of independent energy storage.
It is expected that the revenue model of "spot trading+shared leasing+auxiliary services+capacity electricity price" will permeate the national independent (shared) energy storage power stations as soon as possible, bring higher economy to the development of energy storage projects, and create greater profit space for the supply chain. |
