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| Wind power is still a step away from the top! |
| Release time:2023-02-09 09:52:35| Viewed： |
Recently, the 16 MW offshore wind turbine unit jointly developed by the Three Gorges Group and Goldwind Technology was officially offline. This "big block" is the largest wind turbine in the world with the largest single unit capacity and the largest impeller diameter, marking the historic leap of China's wind power equipment industry from "following" to "leading". Although both belong to the "national business card", compared with photovoltaic, China's wind power equipment has not yet formed absolute strength in the world. Under the "double carbon" goal, only by continuously improving the core competitiveness and practicing the "doorstep", can the wind power industry turn its advantages into a winner.
The impression that China's wind power is the first in the world has long been deeply rooted. It is necessary to distinguish a concept here. The first installed capacity does not mean the first competitiveness of the wind power industry. In terms of quantity alone, China's installed capacity of wind power surpassed the United States in 2012 to become the world's largest, and has dominated the list so far. At the same time, China's production of wind power equipment also accounts for more than half of the world's total. However, unlike the overwhelming advantage of the photovoltaic industry in the global market, China's leading wind power in terms of volume basically comes from the domestic market, and the overseas market share is less than 10%. Compared with the European large manufacturers such as Vestas, Siemens Gomesa and GE, the expansion capacity of the global market is poor. There is also a lack of core patents and manufacturing capabilities in key areas such as basic research and development of wind power technology, wind turbine equipment parts and components, such as main shaft bearings, key base materials of wind turbine blades, etc., which still rely on imports.
Located in Tianjin Binhai New Area, Tianjin Dashentang Wind Farm. Sun Fanyue (Xinhua News Agency)
The stock market is the "barometer" of the economy and industry, and the lack of global competitiveness of China's wind power is further reflected in the capital market. For a long time, in the A-share market, the average valuation of wind power listed companies is far lower than that of photovoltaic companies. So far, no wind power equipment company with a market value of more than 100 billion yuan has been born. In the view of professional investors, compared with the high growth, strong independence and fast innovation of photovoltaic enterprises, the current wind power enterprises have poor international competitiveness, core components rely on overseas, lack of technological innovation vitality, single business model, low capital activity, and lack of attractive growth stories. From the perspective of wind power components, except for blades, the main materials of other links are mainly steel, so that investors call wind power enterprises "iron makers". These are the reasons why the market gives wind power enterprises a lower value.
Objectively speaking, it is much more difficult for the wind power industry to catch up with and surpass its European counterparts with first-mover advantages than photovoltaic. In the book "Innovator's Dilemma" written by Professor Clayton Christensen of Harvard Business School, technological progress is divided into two categories: continuous technology and destructive technology. Wind power is the process of converting wind energy into mechanical energy, and then converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. This process determines that the efficiency and cost reduction of wind power depends more on making the unit larger and the blade longer. These are continuous technologies. The wind power components based on casting and other technologies are more difficult to be overturned, and the structure of the wind power industry chain is more stable. It is difficult to kill a new player with leading advantages halfway. The principle of photovoltaic power generation is semiconductor photoelectric effect, and its key component is solar cell. Different battery technologies vary greatly in conversion efficiency. Photovoltaic enterprises that have mastered destructive technologies are often able to change lanes to overtake and catch up. At the same time, the speed and scope of cost reduction of solar power generation are also much higher than that of wind power generation.
The realization of the "double carbon" goal and the sustainable development of mankind cannot be separated from wind power technology. Because innovation is not easy, a strong wind power industry needs to focus on innovation. Judging from the weak competition in the international market and the performance of the "price war" in the domestic market depression period, China's wind power enterprises have not yet formed a cost advantage oriented by technological advantages. The sustainable development of the wind power industry in the era of affordable Internet must promote the endogenous innovation power of the industry.
This is a wind turbine taken in Gonghe County, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. Photographed by Zhang Long (Xinhua News Agency)
The characteristics of the wind power industry determine that industry breakthroughs must rely on the collaborative innovation of the entire industry chain. The success of the research and development of 16 MW offshore wind power units has inspired us to give full play to the "chain leader" role of central energy enterprises at this stage, actively explore the new mode of wind power integration development, make full use of the unique advantages of central enterprises in technology, investment capacity and resource integration, build a good cooperative development platform, effectively aggregate the upstream and downstream enterprises of the wind power industry chain, build a wind power equipment industry cluster, and realize the industrial development driven by resource development Promote the virtuous cycle of resource development through industrial development, and lead and promote the integrated high-quality development of China's wind power industry chain.
In addition to technological innovation, wind power enterprises should also jump out of path dependence and look at market competition with a more open attitude. For a long time, the application scenario of wind power terminals has been relatively simple, while the application scenario of photovoltaic has penetrated into "thousands of households". From the development experience of European countries, wind power can also lock in some markets in the household sector. For example, this year's modest domestic small wind turbines are shining brightly in Europe. Although the technology content is not as high as that of large wind turbines, small wind turbines test the innovative ability of enterprises' business models. With the implementation of China's "wind control action in thousands of townships and thousands of villages", wind power application space is unlimited.
China, as a major renewable energy country, is the only way to grow up by going global and "wrestling" with overseas wind power giants. Wind power enterprises should be brave and good at going out, and prove their strength in the international market with higher gold content, so as to realize the transformation of wind power industry from "big" to "strong". |
