中文版
ENGLISH
| Broad access and strict control, let the market decide production -- Reconsideri |
| Release time:2023-03-03 14:59:14| Viewed： |
"The production qualification of domestic new energy vehicles is no longer allowed to be sold, but can only be cancelled." Recently, a rumor about the production qualification of new energy vehicles has been widely circulated, and the industry has become jittery. Although relevant departments have not yet made a statement, at the expert media exchange meeting held recently at the China Electric Vehicle Hundred People's Congress Forum (2023), industry experts expressed their views on the production qualification of new energy vehicles. Miao Wei, deputy director of the Economic Committee of the 13th CPPCC National Committee and former minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said frankly that the production access of new energy vehicles should not be controlled solely by using the capacity utilization rate.
The production access mechanism has been tightened again and again
The production qualification of new energy vehicles mainly refers to the "double qualification" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology before. Without the qualification of car building, enterprises have no intention of car building, but it is difficult to cross the threshold of car building. Since 2004, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) have issued a number of documents, such as the "Development Policy for the Automobile Industry", the "Notice on Strengthening the Filing Management of Investment Projects of Automobile Production Enterprises", and put forward requirements for the investment management and production access of the automobile industry.
In 2015, the two ministries and commissions jointly issued the Regulations on the Administration of Newly-built Pure Electric Passenger Vehicle Enterprises, specifying that they are responsible for the supervision and management of investment projects of new enterprises, vehicle manufacturers and product access within their respective responsibilities. According to the document, the newly-built automobile enterprises need to prove the ability of financing, R&D, production, sales and after-sales service system. At the same time, it is necessary to meet the requirements of self trial production of at least 15 samples of the same type and the reliability test of 30000 km. Subsequently, in order to further relax the access threshold and stimulate market vitality, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued and revised the Regulations on the Access Management of New Energy Vehicle Manufacturers and Products in 2017 and 2020, covering requirements from production to product production consistency, after-sales service and product safety assurance capability.
It is undeniable that it was necessary to set the entry threshold for the production of new energy vehicles at that time. By strictly controlling the production conditions, we can ensure the operation and management ability and product quality of new energy vehicle enterprises, and promote the development of China's new energy vehicle industry. From 2015 to 2017, 15 enterprises, including Chery New Energy, Jiangling New Energy, Yundu New Energy, Zhidou Automobile, have successively obtained new energy vehicle production qualifications. However, after the approval of the Jianghuai Volkswagen project, the National Development and Reform Commission began to tighten the management of production qualification because the total capacity reserves of 15 approved enterprises for new energy vehicles had reached million, and there was a sign of overcapacity.
"It is not normal that the production qualification has become a tradable resource because it is hard to obtain. Whether it is Chery, Geely, the Great Wall, or today's' Weixiaoli ', it has spent a lot of effort to solve the production qualification problem in the early stage of development, which shows that China needs to make institutional changes in production access, which is a manifestation of the mismatch between the superstructure and the economic foundation." Fu Yu, honorary president of the China Society of Automotive Engineering, said directly. Some enterprises have no products or production lines, but because they have car manufacturing qualifications, they have become a hot resource. The access system that was originally designed to regulate the production of new energy vehicles has facilitated some speculators.
In addition, with the formal implementation of the Regulations on Investment Management of the Automotive Industry in 2019 (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations), it is required that the new pure electric vehicle project should have a certain scale, that is, the number of passenger cars should not be less than 100000, and the number of commercial vehicles should not be less than 5000. At the same time, the approval of auto investment projects was completely cancelled and changed to local filing management. The delegation of power to local governments has naturally brought about some bad phenomena. Miao Wei pointed out that some places are eager to attract investment and even offer conditions for free land, building factories and purchasing equipment on behalf of others, which go beyond what the government should do, should do and can do. "Some of them have been successful, but there have also been many waste, and finally they have all been involved. For example, the new enterprises such as Futureland and Minan since 2016 have all had capacity utilization rates of less than 5%. Projects such as Sailin, Beiteng and Hanteng have basically collapsed," he said.
Open access is conducive to industry development
In addition to the two difficult ways of applying for production qualification and purchasing production qualification at a high price, the OEM model, which has been vigorously pursued by the new forces of car manufacturing, is now more and more difficult to implement. At the beginning of last year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Notice on the Pilot Work of Commissioned Production of New Energy Vehicles, stipulating that the commissioned production pilot work of new energy vehicle products that entered the Announcement should be carried out. The commissioned enterprises should be admitted through the new energy vehicle production enterprises, and the commissioned enterprises should be admitted through the new energy vehicle production enterprises, and have the same production qualification as the commissioned production products. In order to realize mass production of new energy vehicles, both the immediate generation factory and the brand side need to have production qualifications.
Under the restriction of high access threshold, the dream of car building of the new force of car building seems remote and fragile. At the end of last year, due to the problem of the production qualification of Mahayana, Ziyoujia NV announced that it could not deliver. Xiaomi Motors, which has entered the Bureau with a high profile, has also been said to be suffering from production qualification problems and progress is quite slow. It can be predicted that if the previous rumor about "the production qualification of new energy vehicles is no longer allowed to be sold" is true, a group of new car building forces will undoubtedly face greater resistance.
"Chery, Geely and the Great Wall in those days, and Weilai, Ideal and Xiaopeng in those days, these" illegitimate children "who have not passed the examination and approval, have greatly stimulated the vitality of the automobile industry. We need to reflect on the rationality of the production qualification." Fu Yuwu said that after years of rapid development, China's automobile industry has been booming, the product iteration speed has gradually accelerated, and the product quality has been rising, It is accelerating to become a powerful automobile country. In this context, it is obviously inappropriate to continue to use strong and rigid administrative means to manage production qualifications. He believes that the production access qualification of new energy automobile enterprises should be released, and the production qualification should not be the "umbrella" of some enterprises. Instead, the fully open market should be used to create a full competitive environment, and those enterprises that do not understand the industry and do not build cars with heart will be eliminated.
Chen Qingtai, chairman of the China Electric Vehicle Hundred People's Congress, also believed that the access to the production qualification of new energy vehicles should be opened. "After the release of production qualification, more investors will enter, which will shorten the trial and error process of the whole industry and help the development of the new energy vehicle industry. In this regard, the relevant departments should not intervene too much and guide others to take risks through various preferential conditions." Chen Qingtai pointed out that after the release of production qualification, the new energy vehicle industry will go through the stage of swarming in and scouring the sand, and promote the increase of the concentration of the whole market, A number of excellent enterprises will also stand out. As long as the relevant departments control a few key standards, there will not be too many problems.
Only when the foundation is laid can the threshold be set
"It is hard to say whether to open or control. Without authoritative and professional standards and norms, it is impossible to judge whether these measures are right or wrong." In the view of Zhang Shulin, executive vice president of the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, the most critical issue at present is not whether to tighten or open the access threshold. The top priority is to carry out policy and theoretical research on basic and regular issues in the development of the new energy automobile industry, Only by finding out the industry foundation can we set the entry threshold, otherwise everything is speculation and empty talk.
Although new energy vehicles have achieved rapid development at an alarming rate in recent years, and the production and sales volume nearly doubled last year, reaching 7.058 million and 6.887 million respectively, it is undeniable that the current new energy vehicle industry has not been fully finalized, and both the technical route, enterprise structure, sales model and industrial form are in change. In this process, it is crucial to sum up experience and lessons and lay a good foundation. However, Zhang Shulin believes that most of the current policies issued around the new energy vehicle industry start from the technical perspective, such as charging and replacement facilities, battery recycling, battery access, and so on. There are too many technical measures, but few policies that really focus on the basic and regular development of the industry. "Rather than control access, it is better to clarify the basic and theoretical things first, otherwise any measures taken will have no clear basis and can not be justified," he said.
In Zhang Shulin's view, the so-called basic research issues are experienced and rule-based issues such as how reasonable the construction scale is, how large the investment and financing intensity should be, how long the investment payback period is appropriate, and how large the enterprise needs to achieve independent development. Taking the capacity planning as an example, the Management Regulations require that the new pure electric vehicle passenger vehicle project should not be less than 100000 vehicles. Now, is the plan of 100000 vehicles still reasonable? It is necessary to provide accurate evidence to prove the rationality of this capacity planning. In addition, the length of the investment payback period of enterprises can also be summarized by analyzing the development of typical enterprises. If the payback period of investment is too long, the risks faced by enterprises will increase exponentially, and the annual loss will not guarantee the strength of R&D investment.
"With regard to the development of traditional fuel vehicles, we could draw on the experience of foreign countries to sum up a set of reasonable construction guidelines for the access of joint ventures. In the new energy vehicle industry, we also need to sum up experience from the overall development of these years and from typical enterprises." Zhang Shulin said that the development of the new energy vehicle industry is still in chaos for these basic issues, and it needs to be led by the government and relevant departments to unite with the industry Enterprises conduct research and come up with quantifiable and practical opinions.
Previously, due to concerns about the risk of overcapacity, the qualification review of car building has been tightened. Now, the rumor that "the production qualification of new energy vehicles is no longer allowed to be sold" is rising, indicating that the qualification of vehicle manufacturing may be tightened. Miao Wei believed that the use of overcapacity to control access was obviously the opposite. "On the whole, the market economy is an overcapacity economy, and only overcapacity can bring competition, and competition can let consumers enjoy lower prices and better quality." In Miao Wei's view, on the whole, there is no overcapacity problem in the production capacity of new energy vehicles. The local overcapacity does not represent overcapacity in the whole industry, so we should not restrict the production access of new energy vehicles on the basis of overcapacity.
Industrial development needs extensive development and strict management
How can enterprises that really want to build cars obtain production qualification? How to make the production qualification no longer become a high-value transaction? In this regard, Miao Wei believes that for new forces who have not built cars and want to build cars, the entry threshold can refer to the registration system reform of listed companies by the CSRC.
It is understood that the CSRC has previously adopted the audit system for listed companies, and put forward the requirements of three years' profit, annual profit rate and return on net assets of more than 5%. Not long ago, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council approved the Overall Implementation Plan for the Comprehensive Implementation of the Stock Issuance Registration System. The reform of the registration system moved the audit subject from the CSRC to the stock exchange, essentially adjusted the relationship between the government and the market, and transformed the substantive threshold under the approval system into information disclosure requirements as much as possible. The audit department will no longer judge the investment value of enterprises. At the same time, the CSRC will also strengthen the supervision and assessment of the exchange and establish and improve the supervision and restriction mechanism covering all links and the whole process.
If it comes to the production access of new energy vehicles, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology need not strictly restrict enterprises to enter the field of vehicle manufacturing, but the local government should check it, and the central government should strengthen the review of the local government. The registration system has abandoned the strict entry conditions of "approval before approval", and enterprises can enter as long as the procedures are complete and true. If the follow-up operation is not good, the enterprise will also face the risk of disqualification at any time. Under the condition of relaxing access restrictions, whether enterprises can win a place in the industry is more determined by the market. "As long as enterprises invest in local areas in real money and silver, the local government will be happy to see its success, create a good business environment and investment environment for enterprises, and work more efficiently. The matter of real investment and product formation is still left to enterprises," said Miao Wei.
In this regard, Fu Yuwu also said that the administrative measures of strong control can no longer adapt to the rapid development of the current domestic auto market, and it is urgent to build a production access system of "wide access and strict control". In his view, the government can shift its focus from strict examination and approval before to full-process supervision. The supervision of the enterprise's R&D, production, after-sales and other links during and after the event is obviously more important than the prior access approval.
"The good and bad, survival and death of enterprises should be left to the market to judge, rather than relying on artificial administrative measures." Zhang Shulin said bluntly. The market is large, but it is limited after all. The new energy vehicle market is at a stage of rapid development. Only by giving more opportunities for fresh blood flow can we fully stimulate the market vitality and make China closer to the dream of becoming an automobile power. |
